HSK 4 Classes of Words (particle) particle Other particles

Other Particles - Superior, Also, Besides, If

其他助词 — 上 等2、者、之、就是

Understand the use of superior / also / besides / if and their placement in the sentence.

Elements

superioralsobesidesif

How to use it

  • Placement: the particle is placed immediately after the word or group it marks.
  • For superior, take a model sentence like we go upstairs. (We go upstairs.) and replace only the variable information.
  • For also, take a model sentence like Beijing, Shanghai, etc. (Beijing, Shanghai, and other cities) and replace only the variable information.
  • Context: use this structure to describe facts or actions in a complete sentence.

Examples

我们上楼。

wǒmen shàng lóu。

We go upstairs.

北京、上海等城市

běijīng, shànghǎi děng chéngshì

Beijing, Shanghai, and other cities

中国、日本等国家

zhōngguó, rìběn děng guójiā

China, Japan, and other countries

上课。

shàng kè.

Go to class.

Common mistakes

  • Check the order of elements before speaking or writing.
  • Use a complete sentence to validate the structure in a real context.

Practice quiz

Choose the best option for each sentence, then submit to view the correction.

1. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?

(Placement: the particle is placed immediately after the word or group it marks.)

2. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?

(For **superior**, take a model sentence like **we go upstairs.** (We go upstairs.) and replace only the variable information.)

3. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?

(For **also**, take a model sentence like **Beijing, Shanghai, etc.** (Beijing, Shanghai, and other cities) and replace only the variable information.)

4. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?

(Context: use this structure to describe facts or actions in a complete sentence.)