Cause-Result Complex Phrases - Because... so...
因果复句 — 因为……、所以……
The cause-result complex phrases (Cause-result complex phrases) connect a cause and a result: Because... so... / Due to... Therefore... / Since... Then...
Elements
How to use it
- For because, take a model sentence like Because it is raining, we canceled the picnic. (Because it is raining, we canceled the picnic.) and replace only the variable information.
- For so, take a model sentence like Because he is sick, he did not come to class. (Because he is sick, he did not come to class.) and replace only the variable information.
- After substitution, verify that 了 / 不 / 没 / 吗 remain coherent with the meaning and time of the sentence.
- Context: mainly in explanations and arguments.
Examples
因为下雨，我们取消了野餐。
yīnwèi xiàyǔ, wǒmen tǎoguǎn le yěwán。
Because it is raining, we canceled the picnic.
因为他生病了，所以他没来上课。
yīnwèi tā shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ tā méi lái kěshàng。
Because he is sick, he did not come to class.
他生病了，所以他没来上课。
tā shēngbìng le ， suǒyǐ méi lái kèshàng 。
He is sick, so he did not come to class.
她迟到了，所以她错过了早上的会议。
tā chí dào le ， suǒyǐ tā kuòguò le zǎoshang de huìyì 。
She arrived late, so she missed the morning meeting.
Notes and exceptions
- Because — Cause: Because...
- so — Result: So...
- because — because. The word "because" is used to indicate the reason or explanation of an event or situation. Common combinations observed: 了 (aspect/changing), 没/没有 (negation of the past).
- so — Result: So... The word "so" is used to indicate a logical conclusion or natural result based on previous facts. Common combinations observed: 了 (aspect/changing), 过 (experience), 没/没有 (negation of the past).
Practice quiz
Choose the best option for each sentence, then submit to view the correction.
1. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?
(For **because**, take a model sentence like **Because it is raining, we canceled the picnic.** (Because it is raining, we canceled the picnic.) and replace only the variable information.)
2. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?
(For **so**, take a model sentence like **Because he is sick, he did not come to class.** (Because he is sick, he did not come to class.) and replace only the variable information.)
3. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?
(After substitution, verify that 了 / 不 / 没 / 吗 remain coherent with the meaning and time of the sentence.)
4. Quel élément complète le mieux cette règle ?
(Context: mainly in explanations and arguments.)